Alpha Tyre Essay Example

Alpha Tire Essay Example Alpha Tire Essay Alpha Tire Essay Alpha Tire Company Case is proposed to be a piece of guidance material created for educating at a Marketing class in Business Schools. Alpha is definitely not a genuine organization †any likeness to a genuine enterprise is co-coincidental. Case realities are for conversation just and are not expected to be a demonstrator of right or mistaken treatment of the executives circumstance. Alpha Tire Company (ALPHA) is occupied with the production and offer of vehicle tires. The vast majority of ALPHA’s business is led essentially through the OE (Original Equipment) course, offering to car producers, for example, Maruti, Hyundai, Tata, Honda, Toyota and Hindustan Motors. The organization has a solid nearness in the OE market and it needs to secure its strength in this space. Be that as it may, ALPHA is lingering behind in the supplanting market with insignificant brand review in the commercial center. In the general tire showcase, ALPHA has a little offer since it represents considerable authority in vehicle tires as it were. The enormous Indian players in the market like MRF, CEAT and JK use a wide scope of tires †for bikes, three-wheelers, vehicles, utility vehicles, and business vehicles I. e. trucks and transports. The company’s new CEO, who has as of late been gotten from a Consumer Durables organization, fears that a low brand review in the substitution market would antagonistically influence their OE piece of the overall industry and along these lines needs to build up a development system to extend the company’s substitution piece of the pie. The Marketing division at ALPHA didn't have a steady and explored comprehension of what drove tire deals and how clients approached purchasing vehicle tires. Past examination discoveries by ALPHA on purchaser inclinations have been crude and market data has been gathered on impromptu premise. There is no proof of any broad examination led on shoppers and the greater part of the speculations going around in the organization depend on hunches and ‘gut-feel’. Different methodologies were utilized in the past to arrive at the client target gatherings. The tire-sellers were focused through a rigourous deals process alongside target-based plans. Mechanics and Car Service Stations were reached through direct plans. Broad communications and PR were utilized to speak with end clients. The Sales office has an alternate methodology on what should be done in the substitution advertise †they accept that promoting the item with better vendor edges is the best approach and that the Marketing division is sitting around with Positioning and Brand Building. The nature of tires is decided, among different variables, on the wear pace of the tire, which was estimated with an adjustment gadget after certain predefined utilization stretches. ALPHA has a cutting edge tire testing lab and the vast majority of their tires think about well versus their opposition in lab tests and street tests led by the organization. To figure an advertising system, Alpha needs to comprehend †a) What drives each sort of client to purchase a specific brand of tires. b) Each kind of influencer that impacts a brand. c) The general effect of clients and influencers on deals. d) What signals a decent tire and a decent tire organization e) The holes in the Strength and Weaknesses of its image opposite the opposition in the OE business and in the substitution advertise. You are doing your entry level position at Alpha tires and the Senior VP of Marketing and Sales has requested that you manufacture an advertising and deals plan†¦

An investigation on the development of car safety and the importance of airbags Essay

Science examination to reproduce the swelling of an airbag if there should arise an occurrence of a fender bender Point Our point is to make a concoction response to exhibit the fast expansion utilized in cars. The expansion of an airbag is an extremely quick response, and the regular reactants utilized are a blend of Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Silicon dioxide. At the point when a fender bender happens a sensor in the car’s airbag triggers the response that will spare the drivers life if the speed at which he is moving is more prominent than 16-24 km/h-1. The nitrogen must be creates more rapidly than the driver hitting the guiding wheel. The whole response is finished in under 1/25 of 1 sec, due to the risk of this response, to exhibit along these lines the response that happens in an airbag we have decided to swell an inflatable utilizing the gas acquired by the response of a metal corrosive to deliver sodium carbonate. Condition Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) = Ca(aq) + (g) + O(l) Materials - Conical Flask - Cork with conveyance tube - heat mats - spatula - synthetic compounds (heating pop) †goggles (security glasses) System à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Gather all device required for the whole investigation à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Set up all device à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Pour CaCo3 into the funnel shaped carafe à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Add the HCl to the arrangement as of now in the tapered cup à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Cover the jar with a stopper conveyance tube which will at that point permit to explode the inflatable à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Observe the response End Our test was fruitful in demonstrating the capacity of an airbag of a vehicle. Our test expected to show the security of the travelers of a vehicle, using an airbag. For our science analyze we decided to adjust the airbag expansion to our IB program schedule, consequently by doing an analysis like the one we had as of now effectively finished during the school year. was the component delivered that for the most part expanded the inflatable, the response occurred very quickly. Thus, we have tested the synthetic response of a metal corrosive that created Sodium Carbonate and expanded an inflatable, the response was like the expansion of an airbag, demonstrating a similar science standards. Research Question: How airbags figured out how to improve vehicle wellbeing. Presentation: The improvement of airbags started with the thought for a framework that would spare car drivers and travelers in an auto collision, regardless of whether they were wearing their safety belts or not. These days, airbags are necessary in new vehicles and are intended to go about as an advantageous security gadget notwithstanding a safety belt. Airbags were imagined in 1953. The vehicle business began in the late 1950’s to investigate airbags and before long found that there were numerous troubles in the improvement of an airbag. Crash tests demonstrated that for an airbag to be valuable as a defensive gadget, the sack must convey and swell inside 40 milliseconds. The framework should likewise have the option to recognize the distinction between an extreme accident and a minor collision. These innovative challenges eased back the airbag creation procedure of 30 years, and truth be told, it was in the mid 1980s that airbags began to be introduced in all vehicles delivered. Lately, expanded reports in the media concerning passings or genuine wounds due to airbag sending have prompted a national conversation about the handiness and â€Å"safety† of airbags. Questions are being raised with regards to whether airbags ought to be compulsory, and whether their security can be improved. Be that as it may, as Graph 1 and 2 illustrate, airbags have spared lives and have brought down the quantity of extreme wounds. Diagram 1 This visual chart shows that there is an altogether higher decrease in moderate to genuine head wounds for individuals utilizing airbags and safety belts together than for individuals utilizing just safety belts. Diagram 2 Passings among drivers utilizing both airbags and safety belts are 26% lower than among drivers utilizing safety belts alone. An airbag must have the option to convey in a matter of milliseconds from the underlying crash sway. It should likewise be kept from conveying when there is no impact. Thus, the main part of the airbag framework is a sensor that can recognize head-on crashes and quickly trigger the airbag’s arrangement. Perhaps the least difficult structure utilized for the accident sensor is a steel ball that slides inside a smooth bore. The ball is held set up by a changeless magnet or by a hardened spring, which restrain the ball’s movement when the vehicle rolls over knocks or potholes. Be that as it may, when the vehicle decelerates rapidly, as in a head-on crash, the ball unexpectedly pushes ahead and turns on an electrical circuit, starting the way toward blowing up the airbag. When the electrical circuit has been turned on by the sensor, a pellet of sodium azide (NaN3) is touched off. A fast response happens, creating nitrogen gas (N2). This gas fills a nylon or polyamide pack at a speed of 150 to 250 miles for each hour. This procedure, from the underlying effect of the collide with full expansion of the airbags, takes just around 40 milliseconds (Movie 1). In a perfect world, the body of the driver (or traveler) ought not hit the airbag while it is as yet swelling. All together for the airbag to pad the head and middle with air for most extreme assurance, the airbag must start to empty as the body hits it. Something else, the high inward weight of the airbag would make a surface as hard as stone, a gadget that wouldn’t result helpful to the traveler or driver. Assessment: The active hypothesis of gases accept that gases are perfect, in this manner that there are no communications among atoms, and the size of the particles is little contrasted with the free space between the atoms, however particles are as a physical body that moves persistently through space in arbitrary ways. In a tiny view, the weight applied on the dividers of the compartment is the consequence of particles crashing into the dividers, and henceforth applying power on the dividers (Graph 3). At the point when numerous atoms hit the stopping point, an enormous power is conveyed over the outside of the divider, which gives pressure. A significant certainty got from the active hypothesis of gases shows that the normal dynamic vitality of the gas atoms relies just upon the temperature. Since normal dynamic vitality is identified with the normal speed of the atoms (EK = mu2/2, where m=mass and u is the normal speed), the temperature of a gas test must be identified with the normal speed at which the particles are moving. Therefore, we can see temperature as a proportion of the irregular movement of the particles, characterized by the sub-atomic paces. This suggests there must be a range (circulation) of paces for the framework. Truth be told, there is a commonplace conveyance of atomic rates for particles of a given sub-atomic load at a given temperature, known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann dissemination (Graph 3). This circulation was first anticipated utilizing the motor hypothesis of gases, and was then confirmed tentatively utilizing a period of-flight spectrometer. As appeared by the Maxwell-Boltzmann dispersions in Graph 3, there are not many particles going at extremely low or at high speeds. The limit of the Maxwell-Boltzmann circulation shows the middle of the road speed at which the biggest number of particles are voyaging. As the temperature builds, the quantity of atoms that are going at high speeds increments, and the velocities become all the more equally disseminated in the bends. Chart 3 The Maxwell-Boltzmann conveyance can be indicated graphically as the plot of the quantity of atoms going at a given speed versus the speed. As the temperature builds, this bend widens and stretches out to higher rates. As found in Graph 3, there is a one of a kind dissemination bend for every temperature. Temperature is characterized by an arrangement of vaporous particles just when their speed circulation is a Maxwell-Boltzmann appropriation. Some other sort of speed conveyance quickly turns into a Maxwell-Boltzmann appropriation by impacts of atoms, which move vitality. When this dispersion is accomplished, the framework is supposed to be at warm harmony, and subsequently has a temperature. At the point when a body hits the controlling wheel straightforwardly, the power of this effect is conveyed over a little zone of the body, bringing about wounds to this territory. The territory that hits the guiding wheel is appeared in red. At the point when a body is controlled by an airbag, the power of the effect is dispersed over an a lot bigger region of the body, bringing about less serious wounds. The territory that hits the airbag is appeared in orange. Conclusion:The law of dormancy, is exhibited in an auto crash and it is Newton’s first law which expresses that: objects moving at a steady speed proceed at a similar speed except if an outer power follows up on them. At the point when a vehicle stops out of nowhere, as in a vehicle episode, a body inside the vehicle keeps pushing ahead at a similar speed as the vehicle was moving preceding the impact, since its inertial propensity is to keep moving at steady speed. In any case, the body doesn't keep moving at a similar speed for long, but instead grinds to a halt when it hits some article in the vehicle, for example, the directing wheel or dashboard. In this way, there is a power applied on the body to change its speed. Wounds from auto crashes result when this power is exceptionally enormous. Airbags ensure you by applying a limiting power to the body that is littler than the power the body would understanding in the event that it hit the dashboard or guiding wheel out of nowhere, and by spreading this power over a bigger territory. For effortlessness, in the conversation beneath, we will consider just the instance of a driver hitting the controlling wheel. On the off chance that there is a controlling gadget as an airbag, the power of effect diminishes, thus, the airbag lessens the pace of deceleration. In this manner, the power on the body is littler and less wounds result. At the point when an airbag controls the body, the body applies an equivalent and inverse power on the airbag. In contrast to the undaunted

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many in the MBA application pool worry that they are overrepresentedâ€"particularly male investment bankers and Indian software engineers. Applicants cannot change their work histories, of course, but they can change the way they introduce themselves to the admissions committee. Consider the following examples: Example 1: “As an investment banker, I…” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I….” In these brief examples, each candidate mistakenly introduces the reader to the very overrepresentation that he/she would likeis trying to minimize. Many applicants feel they must start their essays by presenting their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately give the reader pause and leave him/her thinking, “Here we go again.” Overrepresented business school candidates should therefore consider the opening lines of their essays especially carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, an applicant might instead immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position. Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew….” Example 2: (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I….” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead plunges the reader into the midst of a mystery that is playing out. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. Of course, every applicant’s situation is different, but with some effort, your story can be told in a way that avoids the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many in the MBA application poolâ€"particularly male investment bankers and Indian software engineersâ€"worry that they are overrepresented. While applicants can’t change their work histories, they can change the way they introduce themselves to Admissions Committees. Example 1: “As an investment banker, I….” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I….” In these brief examples, each candidate mistakenly introduces the reader to the very overrepresentation that he/she is trying to avoid. Many applicants feel it necessary to start their essays by offering their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately give the reader pause: “Here we go again.” Overrepresented candidates need to consider their introductory lines quite carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, a candidate might immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position. Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew….” Example 2: (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I….” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead immerses the reader in an unraveling mystery. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. While each applicant’s situation is different, every candidate can work with his/her story to avoid the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Blogroll Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many MBA applicants worry that they are overrepresentedâ€"male investment bankers and Indian software engineers, in particular. Applicants cannot change their work histories, of course, but they can change the way they introduce themselves to the admissions committee. Consider the following examples: Example 1: “As an investment banker, I…” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I…” In these brief examples, each candidate introduces the very overrepresentation that he/she would like to minimize. Many applicants feel they must start their essays by presenting their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately make the reader pause and think, “Here we go again.” Overrepresented business school candidates should therefore consider the opening lines of their essays especially carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, an applicant might instead immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position: Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew…” Example 2 (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead plunges the reader into the midst of a mystery that is playing out. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. Of course, every applicant’s situation is different, but with some effort, your story can be told in a way that avoids the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many in the MBA application pool worry that they are overrepresentedâ€"particularly male investment bankers and Indian software engineers. Applicants cannot change their work histories, of course, but they can change the way they introduce themselves to the admissions committee. Consider the following examples: Example 1: “As an investment banker, I…” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I….” In these brief examples, each candidate mistakenly introduces the reader to the very overrepresentation that he/she is trying to minimize. Many applicants feel they must start their essays by presenting their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately give the reader pause and leave him/her thinking, “Here we go again.” Overrepresented business school candidates should therefore consider the opening lines of their essays especially carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, an applicant might instead immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position. Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew….” Example 2: (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I….” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead plunges the reader into the midst of a mystery that is playing out. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. Of course, every applicant’s situation is different, but with some effort, his/her story can be told in a way that avoids the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many MBA applicants worry that they are overrepresentedâ€"male investment bankers and Indian software engineers, in particular. Applicants cannot change their work histories, of course, but they can change the way they introduce themselves to the admissions committee. Consider the following examples: Example 1: “As an investment banker, I….” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I….” In these brief examples, each candidate introduces the very overrepresentation that he/she would like to minimize. Many applicants feel they must start their essays by presenting their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately make the reader pause and think, “Here we go again.” Overrepresented business school candidates should therefore consider the opening lines of their essays especially carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, an applicant might instead immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position: Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew….” Example 2: (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I….” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead plunges the reader into the midst of a mystery that is playing out. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. Of course, every applicant’s situation is different, but with some effort, your story can be told in a way that avoids the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many in the MBA application poolâ€"particularly male investment bankers and Indian software engineersâ€"worry that they are overrepresented. Although applicants cannot change their work histories, they can change the way they introduce themselves to the admissions committee. Consider the following examples: Example 1: “As an investment banker, I…” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I….” In these brief examples, each candidate mistakenly introduces the reader to the very overrepresentation that he/she is trying to avoid. Many applicants feel they must start their essays by offering their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately give the reader pause, leaving them thinking, “Here we go again.” Overrepresented candidates should consider their opening lines quite carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, a candidate might instead immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position. Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew….” Example 2: (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I….” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead plunges the reader into the midst of an unraveling mystery. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. Of course, each applicant’s situation is different, but every candidate can work with his/her story to avoid the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Overrepresenting Your Overrepresentation Many in the MBA application poolâ€"particularly male investment bankers and Indian software engineersâ€"worry that they are overrepresented. Although applicants cannot change their work histories, they can change the way they introduce themselves to the admissions committee. Consider the following examples: Example 1: “As an investment banker, I…” Example 2: “Managing a team to code a new software product for ABC Corp., I….” In these brief examples, each candidate mistakenly introduces the reader to the very overrepresentation that he/she is trying to avoid. Many applicants feel they must start their essays by offering their titles or company names, but this approach can immediately give the reader pause and leave them thinking, “Here we go again.” Overrepresented candidates should therefore consider their opening lines especially carefully. Rather than stating the obvious, a candidate might instead immerse the reader in a situation or present a special aspect of his/her position. Example 1 (launching into a story): “At 5:30 pm, I could rest easy. The deadline for all other offers had passed. At that point, I knew….” Example 2: (stand out): “While managing a multinational team, half in Silicon Valley and half in Pakistan, I….” In the first example here, the banker candidate avoids drab self-introduction and instead plunges the reader into the midst of a mystery that is playing out. In the second example, the software engineer candidate introduces him-/herself not as a “coder” but as a multinational manager. Of course, each applicant’s situation is different, but every candidate can work with his/her story to avoid the pitfalls of overrepresentation. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Personality And Organizational Leadership Tests - 2358 Words

Each individual possesses his or her own unique set of skills and behaviors which influence interaction within an organization. Strengths, weaknesses, priorities, and values all may come into play when defining how we do our jobs and what we seek to fulfill us in our careers.Through the course of this paper, I will analyze the results of a number of personality and organizational leadership tests, and report how they apply to my actions and viewpoints within the workplace. I describe my discovery that each day should be an opportunity to learn new aspects of ourselves and grow to be the best for individuals and humble servants possible. Where I believe we are only human, imperfect and selfish, our ambitions should always flourish to emulate the devotion and love that Christ holds for His people. With the perfect model before us, our guidelines to behavior within an organization may be based in morality, fortitude, benevolence and strength. 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Struggles of an Ectopic Pregnancy - 642 Words

Introduction The topic I choose to do was Ectopic pregnancy. In a normal pregnancy, the ovaries release an egg into the fallopian tube. If the egg meets with a sperm, the fertilized egg moves into the uterus but in an Ectopic pregnancy the most common place for the egg to stay is in the fallopian tubes. Ectopic pregnancy was first described and come to awareness in North Americans the 11th century; it often was a fatal complication of pregnancy. In the 15th century (which is known as the middle ages era) pregnancy was believed to be the outcome of a person being infertile. The first unreported ectopic pregnancy was described in the results of an autopsy performed on a female prisoner who was executed in 1693. Given the fact that technology was not as developed before the 20th century, the methods used where not smart tactics to help the woman and developing embryo. 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According to an article titled Teen Pregnancy: Overview, Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, found on Women’s Health Channel, the health risks associated with teenage pregnancy can be severeRead MoreArguments For And Against Abortion1590 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of abortion â€Å"the termination of pregnancy by various methods, including medical surgery, before the fetus is able to sustain independent life† thus, a fetus is not a human being yet (US Legal, 2001-2015). The issue with pro-choice supporters is that they don’t want an end to a pregnancy under any circumstances. Let’s say, a woman was diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy, which is when the egg attaches itself in the fallopian tube, or tubal pre gnancy, and was leaving in a country where sheRead MoreCause And Effect Essay About Smoking880 Words   |  4 Pagesthe womb while their mother was smoking may experience withdrawals after being born. They could also have trouble with learning or behavioral skills. Women are also increasing their risk of having a miscarriage, premature or stillborn infants, ectopic pregnancy, or a cleft lip and palate in their child (National Institute on Drug Abuse) (Surgeon General). There are more than seven thousand chemicals in tobacco smoke. Of those seven thousand chemicals about seventy of them are known to cause cancerRead MoreThe Human Genome Project : Hiv Cocktails, Stem Cell Research, Cancer Therapies And The List Goes On Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesevery year is In-Vitro Fertilization or commonly known as IVF. IVF in itself is the procedure of fertilization where an egg and sperm is combined in a laboratory by a doctor then is proceeded to be transferred into a woman’s uterus. In the cycle of pregnancy, the male normally ejaculates into a woman which then leads to the male’s sperm enter the woman’s egg then it would then become fertilized. An issue that many women face is becoming pregnant naturally due to complications in the body or somethingRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of abortion â€Å"the termination of pregnancy by various methods, including medical surgery, before the fetus is able to sustain independent life† thus, a fetus is not a human being yet (US Legal, 2001-2015). The issue with pro-choice supporters is that they don’t want an end to a pregnancy under any circumstances. Let’s say, a women was diagnose with an ectopic pregnancy, which is when the egg attaches itself in the fallopian tube, or tubal pregnancy, and was leaving in a country where she couldRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 Pagesmuch simpler discussion. No woman can ever have an abortion by accident. Abortion is an intentional act and it always will be. It is a premeditated act planned by the mother and her doctor. Abortions are commonly referred to as a termination of pregnancy, but no one acknowledges the fact that is the killing of a human. It is questioned whether the women and doctors are guilty of murdering the unborn child in legal matter. The doctors are fully knowing of the facts of the development of the baby andRead MoreAbortion Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagessituation is explained and the individual takes their own morality and social morality into consideration. Abortion is the voluntary termination of pregnancy prematurely and the expulsion of the fetus from the womb (Merriam-Webster). It is a moral decision many women are faced with each day and heard about by most people in society in one way or another. Some struggle with having to help a friend make the decision or must make the decision themselves. Others hear about abortion protests outside Planned Parenthood

The Rights Activists On The Thoughts Of Animal Testing

Asking just about any animal rights activists on the thoughts of animal testing, it is reasonable to expect that the majority of them would address crucial flaws in many of the laws in regards to animals and how animals are supposedly â€Å"protected† by these laws. Trained scientists and researchers take on the key role of testing on animals in laboratories and facilities throughout the world, using the excuse that we are expanding knowledge and furthering medical research. In the United States alone, there are very few laws truly protecting animals from the unnecessary amounts of suffering the research forces upon them with many exceptions. Additionally, in reference to the scientists who perform these tests, the author of the article,†¦show more content†¦Latham argues that â€Å"Perhaps more important, though, is the fact that the existing regulatory structure, imperfect though it may be, is elastic enough to accommodate substantial changes that could reduce unne cessary animal testing† (35). Latham accomplished his purpose thoroughly in supporting this as he organized all of the information properly, provides many examples of background facts, and presents information on other country’s animal testing laws, as well as in depth explanations justifying his ideas on how he believes reform can be achieved pertaining to animal experimentation laws and standards. Latham reflects upon animal testing laws and groups and goes into detail, clarifying them by giving the reader thorough background information on each. Throughout the article, Latham mentions numerous organizations and laws that are affiliated with the United States concerning animal experimentation, these organizations and laws include, the Animal Welfare Act of 1966, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care. Latham does an extremely well job in discussing similarities and differences extensively between the history and the making of animal testing

Canterbury Tales A view of t Essay Example For Students

Canterbury Tales A view of t Essay In discussing Chaucers collection of stories called The Canterbury Tales, an interesting picture or illustration of the Medieval Christian Church is presented. However, while people demanded more voice in the affairs of government, the church became corrupt this corruption also led to a more crooked society. Nevertheless, there is no such thing as just church history; This is because the church can never be studied in isolation, simply because it has always related to the social, economic and political context of the day. In history then, there is a two way process where the church has an influence on the rest of society and of course, society influences the church. This is naturally because it is the people from a society who make up the church.and those same people became the personalities that created these tales of a pilgrimmage to Canterbury. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England was to take place in a relatively short period of time, but this was not because of the success of the Augustinian effort. Indeed, the early years of this mission had an ambivalence which shows in the number of people who hedged their bets by practicing both Christian and Pagan rites at the same time, and in the number of people who promptly apostatized when a Christian king died. There is certainly no evidence for a large-scale conversion of the common people to Christianity at this time. Augustine was not the most diplomatic of men, and managed to antagonize many people of power and influence in Britain, not least among them the native British churchmen, who had never been particularly eager to save the souls of the Anglo-Saxons who had brought such bitter times to their people. In their isolation, the British Church had maintained older ways of celebrated the major festivals of Christianity, and Augustines effort to compel them to confor m to modern Roman usage only angered them. When Augustine died (some time between 604 and 609 AD), then, Christianity had only a precarious hold on Anglo-Saxon England, a hold which was limited largely to a few in the aristocracy. Christianity was to become firmly established only as a result of Irish efforts, who from centers in Scotland and Northumbria made the common people Christian, and established on a firm basis the English Church. At all levels of society, belief in a god or gods was not a matter of choice, it was a matter of fact. Atheism was an alien concept (and one dating from the eighteenth century). Living in the middle ages, one would come into contact with the Church in a number of ways. First, there were the routine church services, held daily and attended at least once a week, and the special festivals of Christmas, Easter, baptisms, marriages, etc.. In that respect the medieval Church was no different to the modern one. Second, there were the tithes that the Church collected, usually once a year. Tithes were used to feed the parish priest, maintain the fabric of the church, and to help the poor. Third, the Church fulfilled the functions of a civil service and an education system. Schools did not exist (and were unnecessary to a largely peasant society), but the Church and the government needed men who could read and write in English and Latin. The Church trained its own men, and these went to help in the government: writing letters, keeping accounts and so on. The words cleric and clerk have the same origin, and every nobleman would have at least one priest to act as a secretary. The power of the Church is often over-emphasized. Certainly, the later medieval Church was rich and powerful, and that power was often misused especially in Europe. Bishops and archbishops were appointed without any training or clerical background, church offices changed hands for cash, and so on. The authority of the early medieval Church in England was no different to that of any other landowner. So, the question that haunted medieval man was that of his own salvation. The existence of God was never questioned and the heart-cry of medieval society was a desire to know God and achieve intimacy with the divine. Leading a life pleasing to God was the uppermost concern, and the wide diversity of medieval piety is simply because people answered the question, How can I best lead a holy life? in so many different ways. Beginning with The Pardoners Tale, the theme of salvation is truly paramount. Chaucer, being one of the most important medieval authors, uses this prologue and tale to mak e a statement about buying salvation. The character of the pardoner is one of the most despicable pilgrims, seemingly along for the ride to his next gig as the seller of relics. For myn entente is nat but for to winne,/ And no thing for correccion of sinne, admits the pardoner in his prologue. As a matter of fact, the pardoner is only in it for the money, as evident from this passage:I wol none of the Apostles countrefete:I wold have moneye, wolle, cheese, and whete,Al were it yiven of the pooreste page,Or of the pooreste widwe in a village Al sholde hir children sterve for famine. Nay, I drinke licour of the vineAnd have a joly wenche in every town. In his tale, the Pardoner slips into his role as the holiest of holies and speaks of the dire consequences of gluttony, gambling, and lechery. He cites Attila the Hun with, Looke Attila, the grete conquerour,/ Deide in his sleep with shame and dishonour,/ Bleeding at his nose in dronkenesse. The personification of the deadly sins, along with his story of the three greedy men that eventually perish at the hands of their sin is a distinct medieval device. The comic twist that Chaucer adds to the device, though, is that the Pardoner in himself is as the personification of sin, as is evident from the passages of his prologue. At the conclusion of his tale, the Pardoner asks, Allas, mankinde, how may it bitide/ That to thy Creatour which that thee wroughte,/ And with his precious herte blood boughte,/ Thou art so fals and unkinde, allas?. He then goes on to offer each pilgrim a placefor a price, of course. Data Compression EssayHindsight has blurred our vision of the Medieval monk and the result is that the modern Christian mindset has condemned him for his selfish escapism from the world and for his apparent neglect of those who needed Christ outside of the cloister. The Medieval mindset was very different. The monastery was an integral part of the local community it probably owned most of the farming land in the area- and the fortunes of the people in any area were bound up with the spirituality of its monastic house. The monks were on the front line of the spiritual battle-it was they who did battle in prayer for their community, who warded off devils and demons and who prayed tirelessly for the salvation of the souls of those in their community. Rather than being the cowards of Christianity unable to take the strain of living a Christian life in the real world, the monks were like spiritual stormtroopers interceeding for an area against its supernatural enemies in mudh the same way as a local lord in his castle protected an area against its physical enemies. The people gave gifts to both lord and abbot in return for a service. The Pardoner also represents the tradition of faith in respect to the church of his time. The Pardoner is representative of the seamy side of the corrupt church and a broken or twisted (if you will) faith. The faith of a bureaucracy, which is what the church had become. The Pardoner was a church official who had the authority to forgive those who had sinned by selling pardons and indulgences to them. Although, the Pardoner was a church official, he was clearly in the church business for economic reasons. The Pardoner, a devious and somewhat dubious individual had one goal: Get the most money for pardons by almost any means of coercion necessary. A twisted and ironic mind, has basically defined himself through his work for a similarly corrupt church. In contrast, the Plowman has nothing but a seemingly uncomplicated and untwisted faith. The Plowman has the faith of a poor farmer, uncomplicated by the bureaucracy of the church. The Pardoner is probably on this journey because he is be ing required to go by the church or he sees some sort of economic gain from this voyage, most likely from selling forgiveness to the other pilgrims. The Plowman on the other hand is probably on this voyage because of his sincerity and faith in its purpose. While this was the story of religion at grass-roots level, at the organisational and hierarchical level, the church developed along a different line. It became more organized, more bureaucratic, more legal, more centralized and basically more powerful on a European scale. This process was spearheaded by the papacy and reached its pinnacle under Pope Innocent III in the early 13th Century. He embodied what became known as the papal monarchy a situation where the popes literally were kings in their own world. The relative importance of spiritual and secular power in the world was a constant question in the middle ages with both secular emperors and kings, and the popes asserting their claims to rule by divine authority with Gods commands for Gods people proceeding out of their mouths. The power of the church is hard to exaggerate: its economic and political influence was huge, as its wealth, movements like the crusades, and even the number of churches that exist from this period truly show its greatness. By the early 10th century, a strange malaise seems to have entered the English church. There are comments from this time of a decline in learning among churchmen and an increase in a love for things of this earthly world. Even more of these lax standards had begun a decline in the power structure of the church which included a decrease in acceptable behavior amongst churchmen and a growing use of church institutions by lay people as a means of evading taxes. Christianity affected all men in Europe at every level and in every way. Such distances however, led to much diversity and the shaping of Medieval religion into a land of contrasts. One can also see how mans feelings of extreme sinfulness and desire for God are quite evident in these tales. Still, we are told that history repeats itself because nobody listens to it, but more realistically history repeats itself because man is essentially the same from one generation to the next. He has the same aspirations, fears and flaws; yet the way that these are expressed differs from age to age. This is why each period of history is different. The fact that man is the same yet different is what makes the study of the people who formed the medieval church directly applicable to Christians lives and experiences today.

Human Growth Journal Entries

Identify and Evaluate Key Personal Essays

Identify and Evaluate Key Personal Essays Identify and Evaluate Key Personal Essay Identify and Evaluate Key Personal Essay Samsung Electronics Company (SEC), founded In 969 as a member of the Samsung Group, Is the largest manufacturer In Korea, with a sales turnover of $23. 9 billion in 1 997, and accounting for 32. 8 percent of the total output of the electronics industry. In investment, product development, marketing, and technology development, SEC has played the leading role in expanding the frontier of Koreans electronics industry. The case study can be enlightening to many industries that struggle to strive In a highly competitive business world. SEC is one of Americas fastest growing companies and an acknowledged leader In the digital nonviolence revolution. SEC developed strategies to build the competitive advantages required to cope with the unfriendly market environment dominated by world-class U. S. And Japanese electronics corporations. Though founded in 1970, SEC commenced reinventing itself after 1993, whilst positioning itself globally. Therefore, SEC can be studied for the various strategic models used, tools and techniques developed from the inception of the company. Moreover, the case study may provide a basis to Investigate strategies In place at SEC In long, medium and short terms. Due o the enormous size of the organization, SEC can be studied for ethical values within the organization. SEC was ranked as the fastest growing brand in the world in 2006 by Interbrain. Therefore, SEC can be studied for the participation of stakeholders, the commitment of senior management and the way in which its employees are committed in implementation of its strategies. Theories and principles that underlie strategic planning The goal of strategic planning process is to organize the future. It develops a clarity of purpose of the association and allows scarce resources to be targeted for axiom results Environmental analysis: An environmental analysis identifies the internal and external parameters of the environment in which the association operates. Environmental scanning provides invaluable insights. After completion of environmental analysis, the strategic plan is to be developed using the following principles: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal Factors Develop a vision statement Develop a mission statement Set goals. Goals, which flow from the mission statement Set objectives. Identify strategies and tactics to achieve the objectives set forth under the goals. Scenario planning is a framework that Samsung can use to develop a general strategy. There are many complex ways of doing scenario planning, but a simple process is based on creating alternative visions of the future and then developing a long term marketing plan for 2-3 scenarios, using robust strategies. Scenario planning is most safely viewed as less trying to foresee alternative futures, and more challenging the validity of the current strategy from different perspectives. The framework comprises of three stages: 1. General scenarios for 10-15 years 2. Industry/topic specific scenarios for 5-10 years 3. Eng term marketing plan for 2-3 scenarios Stages 1 2 (general/specific scenarios) 1. Define the scope of the scenario: o clarify with creative problem solving techniques, such as word replacement, word diamonds etc. 2. Conduct general research: o desk o interviews o focus groups/Delphi 3. Identify current trends (almost everything to happen in the next 20 years can be identified today in embryonic form, the so-called weak signals): o use Post-it toe brainstorming o reverse key assumptions o pick out most far-fetched ideas and get people to champion them/make them more realistic 4. Apply trends too matrix of impact vs.. Likelihood: o Locus can Issue as to winter It Is Important or not, Ana winter It Is cert. happen or may happen split ideas if parts of an idea fall into different boxes be aware that those trends that are certain to happen will form the basis of any scenario; those that may happen will group into different scenarios o discard those trends that are considered unimportant 5. Work up 8-9 mini scenarios aspects of the larger alternative scenarios to follow): o identify 6-10 key drivers the major themes that underpin all the trends o get each member of the team (or sub-teams) to write up one mini scenario based on one of the 6-10 key drivers 6. Identify 3 major scenarios: o the mostly likely scenario o the scenario that offers the greatest opportunity offers the greatest threat 7. Work on each major scenario: o the scenario that o elaborate each scenario by defining the major issues o test each scenario by suggesting the sorts of events that would have to happen for the scenario to be realized write up each scenario o critique each scenario with a wider audience 8. Identify issues arising from each major scenario: o what implications does each scenario have for the business? Stage 3: long term marketing plan 1 . Summaries the scenarios 2. Identify turning points: o identify the main events/trends that will impact the organization identify issues arising from each event/trend 3. Identify the robust strategies: o identify strategies that are necessary to address the key turning points identify issues arising from each strategy 4. Compare robust strategies with current strategies: identify strategic gaps o identify issues arising from the strategic gaps 5. Identify strategic actions required: o identify specific actions o priorities actions o allocate resources o allocate timeliness Task 1 Part d. Describe and critically evaluate a small range (3 to 5)of models tools and techniques that could be used to develop a marketing plan for your chosen organization.

Summer school Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summer school Personal Statement - Essay Example When I studied in junior classes, I understood that I love photography. But I did not have a camera. I just watched nice pixes and admired their beauty. Fortunately, now I have a camera, so in free time I can do what I really like. Thanks to my hobby, I met new interesting people and even found good friends. Communicability is one of my positive qualities. Also, I consider myself as responsible and serious person. At school teachers and classmates always can count on my help. I hope that these qualities will help me to become a businessman. In addition to this, to implement such goal I need to improve my leadership qualities. Furthermore, I like writing. When something catches my attention, I want to incarnate it not only in the form of the photographs. I want to write on the paper what I see and feel, and it is great to show the emotions in this way. I try to dream up, because I want my poems and stories are more interesting and exciting. The first acquaintance with your courses began from collecting particular information about it. I can say that on your courses I will be easy to get knowledge. I am sure my teachers will be real professionals. Moreover, I will be able to study with people, who will have similar interests with me. So we will discuss the different details and share our knowledge. Thus, I want to attend the Summer Challenge program to improve my skills. I am sure that they will make me more confident person, who preparing for a new phase of the life after graduation. No doubt, this year is really hard for me. I will have to pass exams and go to university. Before entering I must completely be confident in my knowledge. In conclusion, I would like to say that if I attend your courses, I promise to be a worthy member of the team. I do not want to miss the chance to help myself. Ill try to be positively adjusted and strong. My efforts will not be in vain. I will be available for interview at any time after a graduation my school. Also, I will

Dekalog movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dekalog movie review - Essay Example A melancholic tone is used in all except the final film. The series illustrates a modern equivalent of scenes from the past artwork on the Ten Commandments. The producer was inspired by the philosophical challenge and needed to use this series to represent the hardships that were encountered in the Polish society while deliberately eliminating the issues on politics. Creative and unusual themes like adultery and stealing have been brought forward in various narrative styles ranging from a somber tragedy to pure black comedy. The producer renders a great service to the society by showing the relevance of these ancient procedures or rules and imperatives to the current modern living. In the Decalogue I, the meaning of the first commandment; I am the Lord thy God, thou shall have no other gods before me is well dramatized. Three characters are brought forward. First is the father who thinks that religion is not important and has put his faith in technology and reason. Second is Pawel, who wonders about things in life and third is Irena, a Christian who desires her nephew to know about the spiritual realm. In this case the meaning of this commandment is brought out to show our current identity by identifying with the three characters. Despite being tempted to be faithless, God portrays himself in the midst of our lives and challenges us to trust in him ( Carr, pg. 81). Yes. The story and the first commandment are connected and this is relevant in that they bring out how much people have failed o acknowledge the existence of God but rather chose to worship other Gods in the current modern society. It is relevant today because the true worship has been neglected and people are engaged in material things and have outgrown

Analysis Of Internet Banking

Analysis Of Internet Banking The definition of Internet banking varies in many ways. Basically, Internet Banking can be understood as the new means to provide information related to banks and their services via an online homepage (Mahmood and Steve, 2009; Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon, 2002). Daniel (1999), Arunachalam Sivasubramanian (2007) also defines Internet Banking as the delivery of banks information and services to customers via different delivery platforms, such as computer or mobile phone. Via the Internet using PC or mobile phone and web-browser, a banks customers can request information and carry out most banking services (Daniel, 1999; Mols, 1998; Sathye, 1999). Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon (2002) defined Internet banking service as banking service that allows customers to access and perform financial transactions on their bank accounts from their computers with Internet connection. Some researchers defined Internet Banking based on which services it offers to customers. Internet Banking is delivery channel of banking services which allows both private and corporate customers to use different banking transactions such as new account opening, payment, loan application and approval, cash management, etc. (Pikkarainen, Karjaluoto, and Pahnila, 2004). Internet Banking is also an electronic connection between the bank and the customer with the aim of preparing, managing and controlling financial transactions for both parties (Burr, 1996). Pikkarainen et al (2004) define internet banking as an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments. With the click of a mouse, Internet Banking can help banking customers to access to almost any type of banking transaction (De Young, 2001). Other researchers define Internet Banking based on its benefits brings to banks. Pikkarainen et al, (2004) considered Internet Banking as one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking products. Despite high starting-up costs of Internet Banking channel, Internet Banking still can become profitable when achieving a critical mass (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). Additionally, the use of the internet is seen as a new alternative channel for the distribution of financial services which offer competitive advantage (Flavià ¡n et al, 2004; Gan and Clemes, 2006). Because the needs of todays customers are more sophisticated and demanding in the banking industry, branches alone are no longer sufficient (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). Internet Banking has provided an alternative means to acquire banking services more conveniently and become ideal for banks to meet customers expectations. Thanks to Internet Banking, banks can use information and communication technology to provide services and manage customer relationship more quickly and most satisfactorily (Charity-Commission, 2003). Internet Banking has become the main means for banks to market and sell their products and services help banks stay profitable and successful (Amato-McCoy, 2005). This electronic distribution of services offers various benefits which will be discussed in the next section. Additionally, the main characteristic of Internet Banking is that Internet Banking brings the differences between traditional, physical market place and the virtual one (Rayport and Sviokla, 1994). Customers conduct banking transactions using online electronic channel instead of bank branches. Without visiting a brick and- mortar institution, through Internet Banking, a customer may perform banking transactions electronically (Al-Abed, 2003). In conclusion, for the purpose of this research, the researcher defines electronic banking as the new delivery of banking services and products through the use of electronic means such as mobile phones, or computers which connected to Internet in all the time and in all places. Such products and services can include deposit-taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment, and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic money. 2.1.2 Internet Banking Advantages and Disadvantages 2.1.2.1 Internet Banking Advantages 2.1.2.1.1 Customers Convenience Customers enjoy the conveniences of internet banking services since Internet Banking makes banking transactions faster, easier and more efficient. Convenience has been identified by a number of studies as an important adoption factor (ACNielsen, 2005; Pew, 2003; Ramsay and Smith, 1999; Thornton and White, 2001). For customers, the benefits are more choice; greater competition and better value for money; more information; better tools to manage and compare information; and faster service (Sergeant, 2000). With the provision of Internet Banking services, customers can possess convenience in terms of 24/7 access (Pew, 2003). Traditionally, visiting a physical branch is the only way for customers to do banking transactions which require security and privacy. Without Internet Banking, bank transactions are only implemented within office hours. On the other hand, banks which offer Internet Banking are open for business every time and every place with Internet connection. Therefore, Internet Banking users are able to save time and transportation expenses, waiting time as well. When accessing the Internet connection, via phones or computers, customers can do banking transactions without any efforts. Internet Banking enables users to have mobility since transactions can be performed in any time and at any place. Customers are increasingly mobile and demand for flexible services, as a result, they prefer quick delivery of products and services. Additionally, Internet Banking also provides paper free, complete and up-to-date transactions (Wright and Ralston, 2002). Internet Banking users are easy to know all details of their current and past financial data and banking transactions. Any inquiry or transaction is processed online without any reference to the physical branch at any time. Instead of filling out application form and sign many papers, or use ID card for security, consumers just log in their account and type account password, they get the accurate and updated financial data. Real-time account balances and information are available. For example, customers always update the information about interest rates and money-spending options. Compared with traditional over-the-counter banking, Internet Banking quality is not influenced by personal contact between customers and banks (Lu Nancy Zheng, 2010). Banking transactions with the provision of Internet Banking can be automated. When banks do not offer Internet Banking, any banking transactions need the involvement of bank employees. Although human communication plays an important role in marketing, this can be considered as a double-edged sword. The quality of services depends on attitudes of bank employee. Moreover, Internet Banking benefits banks for minimizing the likelihood of committing errors by bank tellers (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000). To some extent, not offering face-to-face contact can be seen as one of the advantages of Internet Banking. 2.1.2.1.2 Increased Profits Firstly, Internet Banking helps improved profits by lowering operation costs. Expanding geographically by opening new branches requires high starting-up cost and maintenance costs. With the help of Internet Banking, banking transactions do not require a physical presence. As a result, Internet Banking enhances reduction of overhead costs of physical channels, which require expensive buildings and a staff presence. Additionally, all banking transaction of Internet Banking is largely automatic which enables banks to reduce the workload of branch staff. Also, Internet Banking helps avoid errors related to data entry and personal communication mistakes. Indeed, banks not only save costs but also easier expand the traditional customer bases. Internet Banking replaces some of traditional bank functions to reduce significant overheads related to bank branches, as a result, Internet Banking is considered as one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking services (Arunachalam and Sivasubra manian, 2007). Moreover, Internet Banking helps banks in cutting cost, improve market share, maintain various E-business services, extend marketing and communication channel, search for new innovation services, and improve cross-selling opportunities (Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon, 2002). Secondly, another reason why Internet Banking improved economic returns for banks is that Internet Banking allows banks to diversify their value creation activities. While doing transaction banking online, users easily approach with many other cross-selling banking services with details. Selling an additional product or service to an existing customer is called cross-selling. The profits can be gained not only based on current offered services but also other cross-selling activities (Arunachalam and Sivasubramanian, 2007). According to Mahmood and Steve (2009), the higher than average income and education levels are more attracted by Internet Banking is high profit customers. Based on detailed data about customers financial profiles and purchasing behavior, banks which possess detailed understanding of customers create customized advertising, customized products for bank users. By this way, not only current services banks offer but also other services can be sold. Internet Banking pr ovides faster delivery of banking services to a wider range of customers (Oghenerukevbe, 2008). Not only did the number of its online customer grow very quickly, but the new customer base was also very profitable. 2.1.2.1.3 Competitive Advantage The use of Internet Banking can gain competitive advantage to deal with globalization and fiercer competition (Flavià ¡n, Torres, Guinalà ­u, 2004). Firstly, Internet Banking enables banks to achieve competitive advantage since having a large online and physical branch network. Operation cost per Internet Banking transaction is much lower than for other service delivery channels (Shah et al., 2007). Jayawardhena and Foley (2000) reported that the transaction cost for non-cash payment at a branch relative to the internet can be 11 times more than online transaction. By lower operation cost, Internet Banking enables a bank to survive the economic pressures and down-turns. Secondly, Internet Banking helps banks to gain competitive advantage since it is seen as one of those innovative ways to meet customers expectations (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). In this customer-centered business, customers are more demanding for products or services with high-quality, sold at less cost and delivered quickly. Thanks to its characteristics, Internet Banking is one of the best options. Internet Banking helps banking users can access any transactions in all time and everywhere with the lowest costs. Thirdly, Internet Banking is considered as a key in both keeping customers loyal and accessing new markets. Apart from expansion by selling products or services for new customers, maintain existing ones is equally important, especially in current difficult economic situation. There is more and more pressure on banks to diversify their products to create value. Otherwise, banks are likely to drag behind competitors and new entrants in financial sectors lose important current customer segment. For example, Woolwich Bank in the UK, compared with traditional banking customers, Internet Banking customers hold more number of financial products on average (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). 2.1.2.1.4 Enhanced Image Internet Banking helps to enhance the image of the organization since banks is seen as innovative organization offering innovative products. This image also helps banks more effective at e-marketing. Internet Banking enables customers to access internet bank all the time and in all places which means that there is no boundary of spaces and time brings more opportunities to extend their relationship with the customers Robinson (2000). More effective marketing and communication at lower costs will not only improve market image but also prepare banks to have better and quicker response to market evolution (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000). Offering extra service delivery channels means wider choice and convenience for customers, which itself is an improvement in customer service. Internet Banking can be made available 24 hours a day throughout the year, and a widespread availability of the Internet, even on mobile phones, means that customers can conduct many of their financial tasks virtu ally anywhere and anytime. 2.1.2.2 Internet Banking Disadvantages 2.1.2.2.1 High costs Although Internet Banking saves infrastructure costs for banks as above mention reasons, banks introducing Internet Banking just made little savings (Young, 2007). The reason is that any savings are offset by above average wages and benefits per worker. Internet Banking needs a more skilled labor force to run the more sophisticated delivery system. Moreover, costs related extra security measures need taken into consideration. 2.1.2.2.2 The negative effects on banks and customers relationship The traditional channels of offering banking services strongly focus on personal relationships. It is essential to maintain the human touch in customer services (Avkiran, 1999). Customers might be satisfied with the greeting, politeness, neatness of bank employees, ability to express concern for customers needs, apologize for customers complaints. The way of staff members serving customers are likely to influence customer satisfaction directly. Internet Banking completely changes this aspect of customer and bank relationship since it is fully automated. A traditional bank provides the opportunity to develop a personal relationship with that bank. At a local bank branch, employee can make a conservation to ask their customers demand or help them to solve their problems, consult their financial decisions. It is increasingly personal contact with customers. The banker also will get to know the customer and his unique needs. Meanwhile, Internet Banking just performs common transactions without any face-to-face contacts (Cho et al. 2007). According to Broderick and Vachirapornuk (2003:333), customers do not have interaction with employees in person. 2.1.3 Internet Banking Barriers 2.1.3.1 Accessibility to the Internet Wireless communications enables Internet Banking become more and more accessible. Although the growth of the Internet has been very fast, there is still a large population who do not own computers or mobile phones connect to the Internet. For example, different from developed countries, Internet connectivity is still a problem in some rural areas and several developing countries. Lack of computer literacy is one of the reasons Internet Banking is less developed (Walczuch et al., 2000). 2.1.3.2 Consumer Behavior As above mentioned, convenience is not only a key determinant of consumer satisfaction (Yang et al., 2003) but also one of the dominating factors in transaction channel preferences (Ramsay and Smith, 1999). In the field of Internet Banking, this is one of the most cited beneficial features because it offers more leisure-time when doing banking transaction (Devlin, 1995; Daniel, 1999; Liao and Cheung, 2002). Despite the awareness of Internet Bankings benefit, users are still reluctant to use Internet Banking. It is very common in developing countries to physically transfer money. The minority of customers are willing to use Internet Banking, whereas a large number of consumers of financial services are still uncomfortable to conduct their financial management online. The reason is that the use of new technology depends on the technology acceptance of customers and the consumer habits in each country. 2.1.3.3 Security Issues Security challenges banks to deal with customer fears in perform financial transactions using website as a channel (Aladwani, 2001; Sathye, 1999; Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003). In the first quarter of 2005, 80% of global online attacks towards the financial services sector (IDC, 2005). Customers tend to lack confidence in technology-based services delivery systems (Walker et al., 2002). For example, they are unsure that the transaction was completed or the transaction is delayed or not. Also, they are afraid that slow response time after completing leads to a delay of service delivery. This can result in transaction risk (Westland, 2002). This concerns mainly because of the quality of online services systems. Reputation of the bank also significantly affects customer adoption of new technology-based service delivery (Aladwani, 2001). Interestingly, other researchers found that consumer is very much confident about their bank but they have less confidence in technology (Howcroft et al., 2002). Consumers express their concern that online banking is not likely to keep their information of transaction secure and private (Belanger et al., 2002; Salisbury et al., 2001). Therefore, it is essential for Internet Banking banks provider higher degree of security that enables customers to trust internet banking at all times and places (Daniel, 1999, Black et al, 2001; Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001; Suganthi et al, 2001; Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003). 2.2 Understanding of Customer Satisfaction Both business practitioners and academic researchers pay more and more attention to customer satisfaction (Bolton and Drew, 1991; Christian Bettina, 1999). Jamal and Naser (2003) emphasized the importance of customer satisfaction for marketers and researchers as well when stating that it is an important theoretical and practical issue. Thus, from the past on, customer satisfaction is defined by different studies in different ways which brings a diversity of definitions for customer satisfaction. Firstly, customer satisfaction can be basically defined by using its determinants. Many researcher used expectation and disconfirmation (Kang, Nobuyuki and Herbert, 2004), or expectation and performance (Johnson, Anderson and Fornell, 2001), or quality and disconfirmation (McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000), or expectation and quality (Giese and Cote, 2002) as customer satisfactions determinants to define customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, Prabhakar (2005) found customer satisfactions factors include the price factors, product or services quality, customers expectations. Secondly, customer satisfaction can be defined based on two different conceptualizations, namely Transaction-specific satisfaction and Cumulative-specific satisfaction (Boulding, 1993). Transaction-specific satisfaction is a customers evaluation, based on both experience and reactions, towards a particular service encounter (Cronin and Taylor, 1992; Boshoff and Gray, 2004). Cumulative-specific satisfaction is defined as customers overall evaluation based on total purchase and consumption experience (Johnson, Anderson and Fornell, 1995). While transaction-specific satisfaction provides specific transactional information about specific purchase occasion (Anderson, 1994b), cumulative-specific satisfaction refers to customers experience with past, current, and future performances. Thirdly, customer satisfaction is the gap while comparison between pre-purchased expectation and post purchase (Barsky, 1992; Oh and Parks, 1997; McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). This conceptualization is called the expectancy disconfirmation theory which developed by Oliver (1980). According to this theory, customers experience satisfaction when product or service is better than expected. Otherwise, if the performance is worse than their expectations, negative disconfirmation or dissatisfaction occurs. Customer satisfaction is a highly personal assessment which consists of not only cognitive element but also emotional element. Customers buy products or services because the benefits products or services offer. Hanan, Mack and Karp, Peter (1989) stated that customers receives significant add-value is satisfied customers. Therefore, customers always expect products possess benefits they need. Apart from other above mention definitions, more definitions of customer satisfaction are presented in following Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1 Customer Satisfaction Definition No. Author Definition 1 Olshavsky Miller (1972) The consequence of the confirmation or positive disconfirmation of expectations, which means that the perceived performance is equal to or better than the expected outcome 2 Churchill and Surprenant (1982) An outcome of purchase and use resulting from the buyers comparison of the rewards and costs of the purchase in relation to the anticipated consequences 3 Woodruff et al. (1983) An emotional feeling in response to confirmation/disconfirmation 4 Peter Olson (1996) The degree to which a consumers pre-purchase expectations are fulfilled or surpassed by a product 5 Oliver (1997) Satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provided (or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment, including levels of under or over fulfillment 6 Andreassen Lindestad (1998) The accumulated experience of a customers purchase and consumption experiences Definition of customer satisfaction and debates relate to this definition is widely discussed. On the other hand, in this study, customer satisfaction can be simply understood that customer satisfaction is the customer pleasure when products or services meet customers demand. 2.3 The relationship between Customer Satisfaction and its antecedents Due to the importance of customer satisfaction, a variety of research has been done to determine the factors influencing customer satisfaction (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982; Oliver, 1980; Barsky, 1995; Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003). According to Oliver (1980), there are three factors influencing Customer Satisfaction: Service Quality (1), Price (2), Privacy and Security (3). Figure 2.1 Factors influencing Customer Satisfaction 2.3.1 The relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Concepts of Service Quality The most important component affecting customer satisfaction is Service Quality (Shelly Gandhi et al; Cronin and Taylor, 1992; Oliver, 1993; Spreng and Machoy, 1996). Similarly with customer satisfaction, many academic researchers paid attention to service quality since it is a means of creating competitive advantages and customer loyalty (Dawn et al., 1995). Generally, service quality measures whether services meet customers needs and expectations or not (Lewis and Booms, 1983). Cronin and Taylor (1994) defined service quality as a long-run overall evaluation of products or services whereas Bitner, Booms and Mohr (1994) defined service quality as the overall impression of the organization and its services. Similar to customer satisfaction definition, according to Parasuraman et al. (1985), service quality can be defined as the consumers comparison between pre-purchase service expectation and actual service performance. Since Parasuraman et al. (1985) proposed their conceptual model of perceived service quality, more and more attention has been paid to services quality. On the other hand, the research conducted by Parasuraman et al. (1985) is mostly recognized. Table 2.2 Dimensions of Service Quality Author Dimensions of Service Quality Gronroos 1982 Technical quality Functional quality Corporate image Zeithamls (2002) Efficiency Reliability Fulfillment Privacy Responsiveness Compensation Contact Jun and Cai (2001) Reliability Responsiveness Competence Courtesy Credibility Access Communication Understanding Collaboration Continuous improvement Yang et al. (2004) Reliability Attentiveness Ease of use Access Credibility Garvin (1988) Besterfield (2003) Performance Features Conformance Reliability Durability Service Response Aesthetics Reputation After researching different types of services, such as long-distance telecommunication companies, credit card companies, motor repair shops and banking industry, Parasuraman et al. (1985) stated that there are ten determinants of Service Quality as follows: Reliability: The ability to perform services to customers right the first time and provide reliable and accurate services as promised. Tangibles: Physical evidence of the services (neat appearance of employees, modern equipment and facility). Security: Providing services without any risk or danger. Access: Easy to approach with services and contact with employees for request. Communication: Understanding and listening ability to customers, knowing what customers want to help. Courtesy: Respect customer, being polite and friendly to customers, express the concern related to customers problems. Credibility: Building and achieve honest and trustworthiness towards customers. Understanding: Knowing the customer what is customers needs. Competence: Possession of the required skills and knowledge to perform the service. 10. Responsiveness: The willingness or readiness of employees when interact with customers requests. However, later in 1988, these above mentioned ten dimensions were cut down to fives by Parasuraman et al. (1985): Tangibility: the appearance and availability of physical equipment, appearance of personnel. Reliability: the ability to perform the service promptly with high quality in the dependable and accurate way. Responsiveness: the readiness to help customers. Assurance: includes four elements, such as Competence, courtesy, credibility and security. The ability to communicate with customers in the knowledgeable and understandable way to persuade customers and convey trust and confidence to them. Empathy: includes access, communication, and understanding the customer. The ability to express the concern with customers, pay attention to their needs and problems in a caring and individualized way. The relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Various academics have studied service quality and customer satisfaction in order to understand customer evaluation (Bitner Hubber, 1993; Boulding, Staelin, Kalra, Zeithaml, 1993; Oliver, 1993; Parasuraman, 1985). In many study researching on customer evaluation, quality and satisfaction are used interchangeably since they both presents the comparison of customer expectiation and actual service performance (Lowis and Boom, 1983; Parasuraman, 1985). On the other hand, there is still difference between two concepts. Customer satisfaction is more specific, short-term evaluation while service quality is more general and long-term evaluations (Dabholkar, 1993 and Gotlieb, Grewal and Brown, 1994). In contrast, according to Wilson et al. (2008), customer satisfaction is more permanent than service quality since it generally is a broader term, some dimensions of customer satisfaction are specifically focused on by service quality. As defined above, customer satisfaction has two definitions as transaction-specific and cumulative-specific customer satisfaction (Boulding, 1993). Regardless of whether customer satisfaction has been defined by transaction-specific or cumulative-specific definitions, service quality is one of the most important antecedents of customer satisfaction (Oliver, 1993; Anderson Sullivan, 1993; Fornell et al., 1996; Spreng Macky, 1996). The higher service quality is, the higher satisfaction is (Parasuraman et al., 1985). From the past on, service quality and customer satisfaction is highly related which proved by many studies with practical examples. For instance, Brady et al., (2001) used SERVQUAL in examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality in fast-food restaurants in America and Latin America. SERVQUAL model includes ten aspects: responsiveness, courtesy, communication, reliability, security, competence, access, understanding the customers, credibility and tangibles. Additionally, LISREL was used to conduct the test the same positive relationship in a health care service in Ruyter et al. (1997). Based on the research conducted by Yang et al. (2004) related to E-Service, the study will focus on five Service Quality Dimensions as follows: Reliability: Accuracy and prompt of transaction performance. Attentiveness: Availability to serve customer, willingness to help customer, pay individualized attention and personal contact to customers. Ease of use: Easy to remember URL address, well-structured web-design, easy-to-follow, update information, concise, simple and understandable contents, terms and conditions. Access: Accessibility of different transaction services, availability of communication channels such as chat rooms or emails, details contact of service personnel. Credibility: The reputation of service providers. Based on the above discussions, the hypothesis (H1) is formulated. H1: Service quality has a significant relationship with customers satisfaction in Internet Banking. 2.3.2 The relationship between Price and Customer Satisfaction Concept of Price Price plays an important role in the survival of the company since it decided the competitiveness and revenue of a company. According to Price Theory, price reflects interaction between supply and demand in the market. In other words, price is determined by what a customer is willing to pay and what a seller is willing to accept. With this agreement, both customers and sellers get mutual benefits because customers take advantage of the product usage while sellers get their economic returns. Similarly with Price Theory, Stanton (1985) defined price as the amount of money or goods needed to acquire some combination of another goods and its companying services. These findings are also consistent with other research findings. For example, Kotler (2002) defined price as the total amount customer needs to exchange in order to obtain a benefit of the products or services price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. In order to achieve marketing objectives, The Marketing Mix is essential for firms and includes four P (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) creating general and specific marketing strategies for the whole company (Kotler, 2002). Price is one of the four P in The Marketing Mix which developed by Philip Kotler. The relationship between Price and Customer Satisfaction There is a clear link between customer satisfaction and price perceptions (Kyriazopoulos, 2007). Numerous studies discussed the relationship between price and customer satisfaction. For example, this relationship is proved through the study conducted in German car dea

Glamorous Lives Changed By Children :: Film Movie Raising Helen Uptown Girls Essays

Glamorous Lives Changed By Children In the movies â€Å"Raising Helen† and â€Å"Uptown Girls†, two women find their glamorous lifestyles turned inside out and themselves’ in the constant and close company of children who they do not seem at all fit to take care of. Although these women have similar experiences with children and are shaped and changed in similar ways by these experiences, their circumstances are quite different. The two women learn a world completely different from their own through being care takers to children. They each have new responsibilities that come out of this experience and, as a result, are shaped into entirely new people with new values and memories of life. Both women gain experience in responsibility to someone they truly care about. Although their glamorous lifestyles are changed drastically by these responsibilities, both women realize the true happiness and satisfaction they get from doing something and being there for someone other than themselves. As a resu lt, they learn to value selflessness and memories that could never be out done by a life of glamour and money. In â€Å"Raising Helen†, Helen Harris in her glamorous, big-city life one day finds herself acquiring custody of her two nieces and one nephew. Her life is turned inside out and she is completely beside herself when trying to figure out what to do. Helen and the kids face many trials and tribulations but soon make a life together that, although is lived one day at a time, works. Helen is shaped into a whole new person and learns now more than ever what it means to be a family. In â€Å"Uptown Girls†, Molly a rock n’ roll princess has her glamorous and rich life swept out from under her feet when she finds out that her accountant has blown all of her daddy’s money. She ends up in a job as a Nanny for nine year old Ray who has a mother too busy with her own life to even notice her daughter. Molly and Ray hate each other at first but soon become the best of friends and learn how to accept each other’s quirks. Molly is also shaped into a whole other person and learns what it means to have a true best friend. Both women experience a drastic change in their lives. They are hit with new responsibility, a kind of responsibility that, if neglected, would affect another human-being, not just themselves.

How does the presentation of Iago in Act1 sn1 lines 41-66 and Act1 sn3 lines 365-385 prepare the audience for the tragedy of Othello?

The two passages in question, the first a speech Iago makes at the start of the play, and the second, a short soliloquy at the end of Act one, introduce the audience to the character of Iago and the feelings he has towards Othello which will drive the action of the play and shape the tragedy. In the play, we see Othello, a heroic character, fall from grace. Shakespeare's successful use of peripeteia is accentuated by Othello's strive through adversity and what he has managed to achieve, especially in Venice which was the most powerful society in the world for a time. It was un-heard of for a â€Å"moor† to have reached such a momentous position considering the racism at this point in history. Othello is also a character that the audience can empathize with easily. This emphasizes the tragedy of Othello due to the fact that he doesn't deserve to have been plagued by trickery resulting in him murdering Desdemona and then killing himself. He has been entirely manipulated by Iago. He is the artist behind the fall of Othello. He realizes that Othello can be â€Å"tenderly led by the nose as asses are† and is clever and ruthless enough to take advantage of him and exploit his flaw, jealousy. Iago's exploitative nature is communicated to the audience when he is talking to Roderigo about how he dislikes the â€Å"Moor† and says, â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him. † This statement reveals Iago's feelings towards Othello, as well as an insight into the way he thinks and his priorities in life. This suggests that Iago's motive is just to climb to the top of society without regard or respect for anyone else's emotions. An example of this is when Iago is telling Roderigo how he feels about certain types of employees, the types that â€Å"line their coats†. He states that these people have â€Å"soul† and believes â€Å"such a one I do profess myself. † This shows the audience Iago's selfish and power hungry temperament. It is interesting how Shakespeare has chosen to put a full stop after the word â€Å"myself†. He has chosen not to use enjambment, which he uses abundantly throughout the text. When listening to someone act out this speech, there would be a pause after this word that would let the audience have time to think about the statement just voiced. Iago's desire for status brings to light the theme of class. Iago feels an extremely strong desire to climb to the highest class and profess himself a success. This could be seen as his primary motive for money and power and ultimately status. However, he also wishes to break the bond between Othello and Desdemona. As well as revealing his character to the audience, these two quotations foreshadow and prime the audience for a tragic ending, one in which Iago will turn upon Othello, a noble and trusting character. Iago's motives are often unclear and we end up speculating that he is jealous, racist or insecure. The presentation of Iago in the penultimate sentence of the first speech, invokes images of pain, destruction, darkness and possibly some of the aforementioned insecurity. He voices a sinister yet almost vulnerable statement to Roderigo when he says â€Å"I will wear my heart upon my sleeve/ For daws to peck at. † This can be interpreted in many ways. One of which is that Iago feels that he has done so much wrong that he is leaving his feelings open for the people around him to â€Å"peck at† with the â€Å"daws† symbolizing the people. This would suggest that Iago does have a heart because he feels punished for how he treats his companions and the net of lies he weaves around them. Moreover, leaving ones heart upon ones sleeve could be seen as an act to open their heart to the world, leaving one vulnerable and defenceless. This metaphorical image of a bird pecking at his heart paints an enduringly dark and depressing picture for the audience. Conversely, we could see this quote as Iago feeling he should be punished. We could also see it as Iago being self destructive and almost psychopathic. The structure chosen here by Shaksespeare suggests that this statement should be read as a sinister one as opposed to a vulnerable one. The writer has chosen to continue this sentence onto the next line. His use of emjambement here suggests that the audience should hear the statement all as one. There is no pause between † sleeve† and â€Å"for daws†¦.. â€Å". In addition, the fact that Iago doesn't care that he is leaving his feelings so vulnerable makes us think that he has no care for his emotions and anyone else's whatsoever. It is also ironic because he is saying he will reveal his feelings, his emotions and his true self, but succeeds in manipulating all of the characters due to his immense power to lie, deceive and erect an impregnable faiade. Shakespeare alludes to themes such as race and class in the last sentence of the first speech that also portray Iago's deceitful character. Iago ends his speech to Roderigo by saying â€Å"I am not what I am. † We have already learned that he is a deceptive and confusing character however this statement means that he could have been putting up a faiade this whole time and none of what he said could be true. As and audience, we feel that Shakespeare has employed this dramatic device to keep us guessing. Moreover, this is interesting because we would usually expect Iago to reveal this about his character in a soliloquy rather than in conversation with another character. Shakespeare has most definitely chosen this short punchy sentence to end his speech for a reason. This is the main thought that the audience are left with. This is a key function in helping the audience to suspend their disbelief. Watching the play you would be confused trying to understand his character and then seconds later the dialogue resumes between Iago and Roderigo. There is also another interesting interpratation of this statement that relates to class and race. At the time, white people considered themselves the higher power compared to black people. White people considered themselves clean and proper and considered black people dirty and improper. However, this is ironic because Othello, the black character or â€Å"Moor† is the noble, kind and strong character. And Iago is portrayed as being evil, deceptive and crazy. We could see this as an attempt by Shakespeare to attack the ideals and beliefs of the time by turning them over and challenging them. The end of this passage gives the audience the idea that good will not prevail over evil resulting in a devastating end to the play. The second passage, Iago's soliloquy, starts with him telling the audience that whenever he can, he will take advantage of any â€Å"fool† for his profit. This again communicates his exploitative nature and alludes to the idea that eventually Othello will become his â€Å"purse†. He then goes on to say â€Å"I hate the Moor,†. Once again Shakespeare has used structure to emphasize a certain point. This being that Iago despises Othello. He does this by starting the sentence with â€Å"I† and has placed a comma after † moor† which sections off this declaration causing a pause after hearing which leaves time for this statement to be absorbed by the audience. Iago is portrayed as being sexist in the beginning of his soliloquy when he says that by Othello sleeping with his wife he has â€Å"done his office†. Referring to his wife as â€Å"his office† now would be a potentially life threatening comment, however at the time it was thought that men were above women and a women's place was at home, cooking, cleaning and holding together the home-life. He is referring to Emilia as if he can do with her as he wants. This suggests she is his sex object and reaffirms him as the duplicitous man that he is. Iago's character is portrayed as evil and scheming in the last sentence of his soliloquy. After Iago has been plotting he has conjured up a plan to frame Othello by exploiting his trusting nature. This is communicated when he says â€Å"Hell and night/ Must bring this monstrous birth to the world's light. † This conjures up images of death, pain and evil beasts. This is a very powerful statement and has the most significance in terms of alluding to the tragic ending of Othello. It is also interesting because Shakespeare has chosen to write this in verse. This adds a poetic and almost beautiful aura to what Iago is saying. It is intriguing yet horrific at the same time. He has also chosen to use figurative speech that makes the audience think more about what is being said. This is typical of Shakespeare's fondness for dramatic irony. He may have been alluding to the overall themes of the play here in this one line. Specifically, the contrasting notions of heaven vs hell, light vs dark and good vs evil. In conclusion, we can see that both speeches play key roles in preparing the audience for the tragedy of Othello. The first speech reveals much about Iago's character including his manipulative and exploitative nature. It is revealed to the audience that Iago is complex and intelligent but that these traits are ominous ones. Iago is portrayed in such a negative way that it leaves the audience thinking that there could only be a negative ending to the play. The assumption is that evil will prevail. However at this point in the play we have not met Othello. We are not sure whether what Imago is saying about Othello is true which means that the audience are ill prepared at this point for the tragedy of Othello. In Iago's soliloquy he begins to engineer his plan to defeat Othello. At this point we have met Othello and we are aware of his trusting nature that becomes his downfall at the end of the play. Shakespeare uses a combination of structural techniques, language and themes to help the audience prepare for the tragedy that follows. I believe that Shakespeare was attempting an attack on the ideals and beliefs in society at the time and was trying to tell the worlds that fairytales do not usually come true and that humans will ultimately be the makers of their own downfall.